Electric Circuit

Unbroken path along with an electric current exists or is intended or able to flow. A simple circuit might consist of an electric cell (the power source), two conducting wires (one end of each being attached to each terminal of the cell), and a small lamp (the load) to which the free ends of the wires leading from the cell are attached. When the connections are made properly, current flows, the circuit is “closed,” and the lamp will light. The current flows from the cell along one wire to the lamp, through the lamp, and along the other wire back to the cell. When the wires are disconnected, the circuit is said to be “open” or “broken.” In practice, circuits are opened by as switches, fuses, and circuit breakers. Two general circuit classifications are series and parallel. The elements of a series circuit are connected end to end; the same current flows through its parts one after another. The elements of a parallel circuit are connected so that each component has the same voltage across its terminals; the current flow is divided among its parts. When two circuit elements are connected in series, their effective resistance (impedance if the circuit is being fed alternating current) is equal to the sum of the separate resistances; the current is the same in each component throughout the circuit. When circuit elements are connected in parallel, the total resistance is less than that of the element having the least resistance, and the total current is equal to the sum of the currents in the individual branches. A battery-powered circuit is an example of a direct-current circuit; the voltages and currents are constant in magnitude and do not vary with time. In alternating-current circuits, the voltage and current periodically reverse direction with time. A standard electrical outlet supplies alternating current. Lighting circuits and electrical machinery use alternating current circuits. Many other devices, including computers, stereo systems, and television sets, must first convert the alternating current to direct current. A special internal circuit usually called a power supply does that. A digital circuit is a special kind of electronic circuit used in computers and many other devices. Magnetic circuits are analogous to electric circuits, where magnetic materials are regarded as conductors of magnetic flux. Magnetic circuits can be part of an electric circuit; a transformer is an example. Equivalent circuits are used in circuit analysis as a modeling tool; a simple circuit made up of a resistor, and an inductor might be used to electrically represent a loudspeaker. Electrical circuits can also be used in other fields of studies. In the study of heat flow, for example, a resistor is used to represent thermal insulation. Operating electric circuits can be used for general problem solving.

Photoshop for the beginners

With Photoshop we can reduce the weight of the PSD up to 75%. This is something to think about, if we can reduce so much the information in a PSD it would be because this format is not very optimized, right? Most people think that's why there are files with compression, TIFF or JPG but they agree that keeping the original files in PSD format is much more comfortable than working with TIFF (i don't think we need to compare it with JPG). Well, how can we do this? Something as simple as hiding the layers before saving the file, if after that you compress it with Winrar or WinZip you will save a lot more. Here you have the information of the experiment: Normal PSD: 49,2 MB PSD saved with the hidden layers: 38,9 MB PSD saved with the hidden layers and zipped: 11,5 MB The new version of Photoshop CS3 is out and we still have the same problem we will have to wait a little more. Now, if you have to send a PSD via ftp or email you have no choice than doing this.

When you are creating a brush you can save and delete it, here is how: To Save Modified Brush Preset: After you make a modification to you brush shape or brush dynamic, you can save brush by do one of following using Brush Palette. Using Brush Palette Menu and select New Brush Preset. Click new button at bottom Brush Palette. If you use Small Thumbnail or Large Thumbnail you can click at empty area. To Delete Brush Preset. You can delete unwanted brush by do one of following option: Select brush you want to delete and select Brush Palette Menu and select Delete Brush. Select brush you want to delete and click Trash Button Select brush you want to delete Right Click or Control + Click and select Delete Brush.

Have you ever tried to make an image black and white? Did you use the desaturate method. Now if I go to Image>adjustments>desaturate and take away the color from the photo... I will be left with a black and white picture. But it doesn't look as good as it could. It seems dull and lacks depth. Here is a better way of making images black and white - Open up the picture you want to use. In the Layers palette go to the button circled in red in the picture below and then go to channel mixer in the drop down menu. Put in settings feel free to experiment. Now I am left with a much nicer black and white picture. You could even add a unsharpen mask (Filter>Sharpen>Unsharpen Mask). Much better that the desaturated image right?

Adding cool effects to photos is quite amusing. A fun one is to split apart a picture like a puzzle. First find an image of Guitar. Then open the saved picture in Photoshop. We are going to split the image. Go to Views>Rullers. Or simply press CTRL+R. Then using the Rectangular Marquee Tool. Press Ctrl+J to copy and paste the selected part in a new layer. Repeat these steps until all the parts of guitar is selected. Try drawing different rectangles because we want to add this puzzle effect. Select a layer and choose the blending options. Again apply the stroke effect as needed. Now right click the layer you applied the effects and select Copy layer style. Go to next layer and right click on the layer and choose paste layer style. Paste the layer style to remaining layers. Click Ctrl+T and transform each layer. With some Gradient Effect you can get a better effect.

Follow these instructions to add a contemporary frosted pixel overlay to your photos. Open a picture into Adobe Photoshop. Next, press Ctrl+J to duplicate the layer. Change the blending mode to Overlay. Go to Filter> Pixelate> Mosaic and in the Mosaic Photoshop filter settings, set the pixels to the size that you want the squares to be. Then, press Ctrl+J to duplicate the top layer and change the blending mode from Overlay to Multiply. Now go to Filter> Stylize> Find Edges. Press Ctrl+Shift+U to desaturate the outline so that they don't have any color to it. Go to Filter> Blur> Gaussian Blur and add a little gaussian blur to the outline which will add the frosty effect.

Does honey kills bacteria

Honey is composed of two principal sugars, laevulose and dextrose. These sugars do not require to be broken downward by the digestive procedure, and then honey is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, giving a fast vitality hike to the system. It too contains protein, vitamins and minerals, but no cholesterol. Darker honeys have many nutrients than soft ones. Vitamin and mineral substance bet on the flowered origin of the honey.

Honey has little than 2% sodium, and as such can be labeled as sodium-free merchandise by Food & Drug Administration standards. Honey has been used in many medical applications over the years, but new studies are now capable to demonstrate its advantageous nature in some applications, including as antibacterial topical handling for burns and ulcers. The cause is because honey has osmotic properties; that is, it tends to remove water. Water molecules powerfully respond with the sugars in honey, leaving less water accessible for microorganisms. Sodium, and as such can be labeled as a sodium-free merchandise by Food & Drug Administration standards. Honey has been used in many medical applications over the years, but new studies are now capable to demonstrate its advantageous nature in some applications, including as antibacterial topical handling for burns and ulcers. The cause is because honey has osmotic properties; that is, it tends to remove water. Water molecules powerfully respond with the sugars in honey, leaving less water accessible for microorganisms.

Thus, infection-causing bacteria is literally dehydrated to death by honey. Enzymatic activities of honey also produce hydrogen peroxide, which generate highly reactive free radicals that kill bacteria, further contributing to its antibacterial properties. Honey has also been used to successfully store skin grafts for up to twelve weeks. Lab tests have shown that different types of honey have differing antibacterial sensitivities, so research continues to determine which floral sources are most beneficial.